How to File an FIR in India: Step-by-Step Guide (2025 Updated)
Facing a crime or injustice? The First Information Report (FIR) is your first step toward legal action. Filing an FIR ensures that the police are officially informed about a crime, making it their legal duty to investigate.
Whether it's theft, harassment, assault, or any criminal act — knowing how to file an FIR in India can protect your rights and help bring justice.
What is an FIR?
FIR stands for First Information Report, and it is a written document prepared by the police when:
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They receive information about a cognizable offense (like murder, rape, robbery, etc.)
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The crime is serious and warrants immediate investigation without magistrate approval.
💡 Under Section 154 of the Criminal Procedure Code (CrPC), police must register an FIR for any cognizable offence.
Step-by-Step: How to File an FIR in India
1️⃣ Visit the Nearest Police Station
Go to the police station under whose jurisdiction the crime occurred.
📍 Tip: If you’re unsure of the location, you can still report the matter — they are bound to assist or redirect you properly.
2️⃣ Narrate the Incident Clearly
You can verbally inform the police about the incident. They are required to:
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Write it down
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Read it back to you
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Record your statement properly
📌 Include details like:
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Date & time of incident
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Place of occurrence
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Names/descriptions of accused (if known)
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What exactly happened
3️⃣ Review and Sign the FIR
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Once your statement is recorded, read it carefully.
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If correct, sign it.
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You are legally entitled to a free copy of the FIR.
4️⃣ Get the FIR Number
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The FIR number is your official reference for future updates.
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You can track the status of the case using this number.
What to Carry When Filing an FIR
Although not mandatory, it helps to carry:
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Any ID proof (Aadhaar, PAN, passport)
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Written complaint or notes
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Proof or evidence, if any (photos, videos, messages, witnesses)
Types of Offences & FIR Applicability
| Type of Offence | Example Crimes | FIR? |
|---|---|---|
| Cognizable | Murder, rape, theft, kidnapping | ✅ Mandatory |
| Non-Cognizable | Defamation, verbal abuse, cheating | ❌ FIR not filed directly (police need magistrate permission) |
Yes! Many Indian states now support online FIR filing. Examples:
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Delhi Police: https://delhipolice.gov.in
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Maharashtra Police: https://mhpolice.in
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Tamil Nadu Police: https://eservices.tnpolice.gov.in
💡 Check your state’s police website for online FIR or complaint portals.
What if Police Refuse to File an FIR?
It’s illegal for police to deny filing an FIR for cognizable offences. If they do:
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Ask for a written explanation of refusal
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Approach the Superintendent of Police (SP)
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File a complaint with the Magistrate under Section 156(3) CrPC
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Contact the State Human Rights Commission or Legal Services Authority
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q: Can I file an FIR on behalf of someone else?
👉 Yes, if you are a witness or have knowledge of the incident.
Q: Is FIR only for serious crimes?
👉 Only for cognizable crimes. For minor issues (non-cognizable), police may ask for magistrate approval first.
Q: Can I take back an FIR later?
👉 Only in certain situations and with court permission.
⚖️ Final Words
An FIR is your legal weapon against injustice. It’s not just a document – it’s the first step toward action, accountability, and justice.
Never hesitate to go to the police if you've been wronged. Know your rights, speak up, and make the law work for you.
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